Web3 Technology: The Next Evolution of the Internet 

Web3 is a revolutionary technology that completely changes the digital world. Web3, is the third generation of the World Wide Web, which was developed with the help of the predecessors; Web1 and Web2. In this blog, you will find what Web3 technology is, how it differs from Web2, its major benefits, and potential challenges that may hinder its growth. 

What is Web3 Technology? 

Web3 is a new version of the internet that is more decentralized, transparent and user-centric than the original. Blockchain technology, cryptocurrencies and other new technologies provide the capability to change the control and ownership of data and digital assets from the conventional entities to individuals. 

How Web3 Differs from Web2 

Web2, the current internet, has been characterized by the great number of platforms that are controlled by large companies. Web3, on the other hand, adopts a decentralized approach allowing the users to have more control over their data and digital interactions. Following are the principle differences: 

Ownership: In Web2, user’s data tend to be owned and controlled by companies. While in Web3 technology, the user can have the right and control of the data. 

Interoperability: Web3 encourages interoperation between different platforms and services, unlike many Web2 applications which operate in silos. 

Privacy and Security: Web3 highlights the importance of privacy and security through cryptographic techniques as well as decentralized storage. 

Trust: The domain of Web3 shuns intermediaries, leading to transparent and verifiable transactions on blockchain networks, thus, the trust is built up. 

Major Benefits of Web3 

Web3 technology provides some of the following advantages: 

Enhanced User Privacy: Users have the power to manage their personal information regarding what they share as well as to whom they share it. 

Increased Security: Decentralized systems are more resilient to security issues and data breaches. 

Reduced Censorship: Decentralization makes it difficult to screen or block content and control access. 

New Economic Models: Web3 opens up various new ways of creating and exchanging cryptocurrencies and tokens. 

Improved Transparency: Blockchain is the technology behind a clear and noneditable and transparent record of transactions as well as interactions. 

Potential Deterrents to Web3 Growth 

Though it holds the potential of promise, Web3 is faced with several challenges: 

Scalability: Indebtment blockchains are often bogged down by an overwhelming amount of unsuccessful activities on the net. 

User Experience: Web3 applications might be too intricate for average people thus they might not readily grasp the nitty-gritty of using them. 

Regulatory Uncertainty: The frequently changing government rules apply to cryptocurrencies and technology and often lead to hindrances in their way of development and in some cases, may even deter acceptance. 

Energy Consumption: A great deal of energy goes to waste in such networks, particularly the ones using the Proof-of-Work consensus algorithm. 

Education and Awareness: A very large section of people still do not know what Web3 is and thus, its adoption might take longer. 

Key Components of Web3 Technology 

Blockchains (Ethereum, Solana, Polygon) 

Blockchains are the very base that Web3 is built upon. They are the records of the activities on the net stored on the computers. Among others there are such blockchain platforms as: 

Ethereum: It is the most frequently used network for smart contracts and decentralized applications. 

Solana: It is known for its high speed and low transaction costs. 

Polygon: A scaling solution for Ethereum that aims to improve transaction speed and reduce fees. 

Smart Contracts (self-executing agreements) 

Smart contracts are autonomous and self-enforced contracts with their terms recorded in code lines. They self-run when the conditions of the contract are met thus exclude the need for any brokers. Smart contracts also make transactions that are trustless and are in reality being applied in a lot of Web3 applications. 

Decentralized Apps (DApps) 

DApps are the kinds of applications operating blockchain platforms or other decentralized systems of the Internet. DApps have special characteristics and could be as high as potential. Below is a more detailed study of DApps: 

Decentralization: Unlike the pattern of centralizing the apps to a single entity, DApps are the live display of various cryptocurrency platforms. They function on a peer-to-peer network – mostly on blockchain. 

Intelligent Contracting: The majority of DApps use smart contracts as their basic function. These are the self-executing contracts that are programmed to execute once a certain set of conditions are met. 

Open Source: Most DApps have their source code publicly available, being a model of transparency and providing one way for the community to involve in the project and carry out proper audits. 

Integration of Cryptocurrencies: DApps habitually involve a cryptocurrency or a token to provide access to services or act as a reward within the system. 

Anti-Censorship: This is what characterizes DApps. They are the kind of apps that enable no censoring or easy takedown, the same as traditional ones do, offering an unprecedented level of freedom. 

Different Types: The DApps can be classified into several types that include: 

Financial services (decentralized exchanges, lending platforms) 

Gambling and serving fun 

Chat networks 

File storage and sharing 

Identity management systems 

Obstacles: The issues with DApps could be: 

Users’ interfaces got complicated by blockchains which are not quite clear for everyone to understand and make use of 

The networks of blockchains that are provided to the developers non-existently at an outstanding level of scalability 

There are certain security vulnerabilities in smart contracts 

Dapps mark a significant departure from our conventional way of using applications. Apart from giving us more authority over the apps we use, more transparency and resistance to centralized authority, DApps may also have a drawback which is getting acquainted with the new technology. To me as technology advances, we will be able to see more user-friendly DApps that could be the substitute for so many of the centralized services that we use at present time. 

Cryptocurrencies & Tokens (NFTs, DeFi) 

Cryptocurrencies and tokens are those two of the Web3 eco-system’s main components. 

Cryptocurrencies: Are not only non-physical but also those which are made by solving mathematical problems which are mostly based on the unique characteristics of the internet. Examples of this are Bitcoins and Ethers. 

Tokens: Are the cryptocurrencies, from which some were created on others’ blockchain platforms. They are more of a means of exchange rather than a store of value. 

Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs): These are additional to physical possessions, mainly digital assets which only exist in a technological environment and the tools, or finance that they represent. NFTs are a non-fungible token that contains a set of metadata that distinguishes it from all other NFTs…. 

Decentralized Finance (DeFi): This is a sector of blockchain technology which focuses on investment opportunities for users who can access finance not through traditional banks. 

These examples are the ones that are taking us to broader and more democratic ownership and valuation perspectives. 

DAOs (Decentralized Autonomous Organizations) 

DAOs are now replacing some traditional organizations  

DAOs: these are constituted by sets of rules written and embedded in the form of a computer program. These rules are then monitored and carried out the members of an organization distributing tokens and thus not respecting any government influence. 

Votes: Members are the decision makers who vote for a proposal and the one getting success is often the holder who has a governance token. 

Clarity: The T and other standards and financial records are in the encryption and therefore of the ledger and all of them are available for access by the members. 

Usages: The application of DAOs is create a multitude of areas from investment groups to charity. 

DAOs have been very popular as the projects present themselves in the form of decentralized groups of individuals who take in their hands the decisions with the overarching purpose of common interest in the management of different activities and resources. 

These components of web: cryptocurrencies, tokens, and organizations are important in realizing the vision of decentralized web. They are designed to enable a new way of organizing, financing, making decisions and regulating the virtual communities and business activities.  

Major Benefits of Web3 Technology for Startups 

For Startups Web3 technology is one of the major boost-up.  In every startup keeping running cost to minimum is much of an advantage. Here is how Web3 technology is helping startups to keep their running cost down and survive in the market longer to succeed.  

1. Decentralization

Through Web3, intermediaries are no longer necessary which in turn cuts down the expenditures and increases the productivity of the startups. 

2. Enhanced Security

Blockchain technology incorporates very strong security measures that safeguard the data and transactions of startups. 

3. Transparency

For businesses, we have seen that Web3’s open nature builds trust with people as they can be part of the process through their votings. 

4. Tokenization

New Startups should be able to develop and manage asset tokens with ease while at the same time diversifying their revenue streams. 

5. Smart Contracts

Automated, self-executing contracts not only reduce the workload of the administrative department but they also ensure the fulfilment of the obligations of the contract. 

6. User Ownership

The users of Web3 are not just allowed to take back their information but they can also bring in more privacy-aware clients/projects to the startups. 

7. Global Accessibility

We have seen Internet 3.0 as a web3 technology empowering the long lines of international businesses to reach billions of people far beyond their existing geographical markets. 

8. Innovation Opportunities

Web3 is one of the many new beasts that businesses can now adopt and think of fresh ways of evolving through such innovative approaches. 

These advantages have considerably improved the growth and achievement of Web3 startups targeted by Web3 markets. 

Blockchain for startups 

Blockchain for any startup has many advantages. Not only for technical companies Blockchain technology has come up as an economical option for companies from manufacturing, services, fintech, healthcare and other domains.  

Greater Security 

Decentralized and encrypted nature of blockchain empowers better security for data which in turn guards against the threat of a cyber attack. 

3. Cost Savings

The elimination of middlemen spares some resources and streamlines the whole operation with the aid of blockchain. 

4. Get Digitized

For supply chain a blockchain achieves perfect transparency that makes it easy for companies to track the goods from origin to delivery. 

5. Quicker Settlement

Smart contracts and other automated processes have cut down transaction time and increased overall efficiency. 

6. Tokenization

By doing so, one can not only easily create and manage digital assets, but also, it has excited people whether they are customers, partners, or our outside sponsors who now will also be able to engage other people. 

7. Decisions beyond Centralization

The level of transparency brought about by blockchain technology makes it possible to democratize the decision-making process through the contribution of stakeholders and participants. 

8. Expanded Innovation Opportunities

This innovation has helped in establishing new business models and services, consequently, it has also updated the innovation in our startup. 

9. Data Integrity

We have already received many benefits of Blockchain-like data accuracy and consistency across operations. 

10. Global Access

Blockchain enables businesses to reach markets and customers companies couldn’t even imagine before. 

These benefits have made startups more competitive through greater mutual trust. 

Applications of Web3 Technology Across Various Domains 

The impact of Web3 is growing across all sectors. The core applications of Web3 technology in different domains are as follows. 

1. Finance and Banking

DeFi in the financial sector is changing the conventional systems as Web3 is being used to provide unhackable and decentralized infrastructures that are secure and open to anyone in the world. Web3 provides a combination of security, speed, and low cost that real-time systems cannot give. 

Decentralized Finance (DeFi): The proliferation of DeFi platforms such as DAI, Compound, and Uniswap has ensured efficient peer-to-peer borrowing, lending, swaps, and trade. 

Digital Identity: Blockchain, a sole system of trust and authority allowing tamper-proof digital identities, is proving to be a blueprint for the corporate world in the fight against fraud. 

Cross-border Payments: Web3 is pervasive in this area as it is enabling the easy and often low-cost transfer of money from one country to another, sometimes in a matter of minutes. 

2. Healthcare

There are many ways in which Web3 is contributing to the health sector. 

Patient Data Management: Real cybersecurity needs to install a parallel albeit the real-time control and monitoring patient as well as reuse operations. 

Drug Traceability: Blockchain technology is a surety for the legitimacy of the drugs in the pharmaceutical industry. 

Research Collaboration: Many clinical researches should involve a global team and decentralized networks are a very good way to achieve that. 

3. Supply Chain Management

Web3 is a vital factor for transparency and efficiency in supply chains. 

Product Tracking: This is now the era where we can actually trace an item from its origin to the end user with very high precision. 

Quality Assurance: These systems are also introducing automation in quality control procedures using smart contracts. 

Inventory Management: Unfolding technology has allowed error proofing, such is the case of the implemented stock management in a time of zero tolerance to flaws. 

4. Real Estate

In the real estate world, the transformation is the order of the day. 

Tokenization: One of the latest trends in real estate is to merchandise properties by dividing them into digital tokens in such a way that everyone who invests in that project can gain access to the asset. Let’s get through the tedious task of proofs to finalize the deal.   

Smart Contracts: Digital platforms integrated with blockchain technologies allow you to sign smart contracts and deal with fewer intermediaries. 

Virtual Real Estate: Virtual reality is beyond merely being a playground and its digital land in the metaverse is becoming a new asset class which does not only exist squared. 

5. Government and Public Services

Governments opt for Web3 for better service. 

Voting Systems: Use of technologies such as blockchain to increase election security and transparency has had a great impact. Digitization of documents and blockchain adoption keeps record keeping practically immune to any tampering. 

Public Records: We are creating tamper-proof systems for land registries and other official documents. 

Citizen Services: Cities are improving the quality of public services using decentralized identity systems.  

6. Education

The world of education is currently experiencing transformation due to Web3. 

Credential Verification: Our district makes use of blockchain technologies to give and prove academic certificates. 

Personalized Learning: AI and blockchain have paved the way for new ways of learning like adaptive learning experiences. 

Decentralized Learning Platforms: Replacements for intermediaries and further democratization of knowledge access come out of this digital interconnectedness and the fall of its barriers. 

Web3 technology is not just a passing fad but a major paradigm shift in the way we engage with digital systems in every industry.  

Web3 Software Development 

Web3 software developing is not only about smart, decentralized apps but is also about the new capacities of the digital world. Here are the key aspects: 

Decentralization: Contrary to the conventional centralized systems, Web3 apps leverage blockchain and as such, they don’t have the traditional OS of a single point and as a result, not only this but the controlling entity is also not present. 

Smart Contracts: The term refers to the automatically fulfilled contracts, which are part of the basic applications of the Web3 system, becoming independent transactions and agreements. 

Interoperability: In its turn, Web3 creates an environment where dialogue between protocols and the formation and data transmission of virtual representations of the real world can be pursued with different blockchain networks and decentralized applications. 

Token-based Economy: Many Web3 applications are developed with their own tokens, and this provides a new economic setup and the introduction of new ways of giving the incentives. 

Enhanced Privacy and Security: The cryptographic techniques that the system uses will ensure that the data is not tampered with during file transfer and the private nature of your data is preserved by challenging rotation of the safe user password, thereby reducing the probability of personal data breaches and possible threats like unauthorized data access. 

User Ownership: Web3 operations can actually be that which affords the users legal ownership of their digital assets and data, an unthinkable event on traditional web platforms. 

Open-source Development: The vast majority of these Web3 projects are open-source. Competing with these projects based on their core decisions in the development process promotes collaboration and transparency to the developer part. 

New Programming Paradigms: The developers are required to take on the task of learning new languages like Solidity and adapt to the paradigms of decentralized systems and frameworks involved in writing applications. 

Scalability Challenges: The problem of scaling blockchain technology is a great focus in developing Web3, and endeavors to address it include things like L2 protocols. 

Integration with Traditional Web: Most Web3 applications are difficult to synthesize with the rest of the Web except for the use of Web2, which becomes one of the main problems during development. These projects give a new set of challenges to developers. 

With software development played out in this environment, Web3 software is a kind of a change of mindset in which one submits himself/herself to the fact the user is in control and it is never just one entity anymore. It is a realm where technology is more properly developed and together with that comes higher security and thus the protection of the individual. 

The post Web3 Technology: The Next Evolution of the Internet appeared first on Exatosoftware.

Software development or Web or App development is a joint effort of teams that work under one umbrella to deliver. Designing, development, testing and debugging and support in most of the cases are handled by different teams. Apart from this Functional analysis and Technical analysis\architecture are also handled by different resources. So, this task is time-consuming and harmonizing the efforts of all the teams is very necessary to complete the task efficiently and within the timeframe.  

Let us start with aspects of software development that make it a time-consuming work.  

Code Writing 

Developing a program from scratch often takes longer due to time-consuming coding. Changes in technology and arrival of new tools and techniques in initial days slow down the process as development teams need some time to get hold of new techniques.  

Debugging 

Debugging, meaning detecting and solving software problems, was always a time-taking task that you can even spend the whole day doing it. Finding bugs is itself a task where application is run on dry or dummy data created keeping in mind different scenarios and check if output is as desired. After this comes the process of correcting the bugs.  

Testing 

Only way to ensure that an application is infidelity tested is to have testing done till completion which in itself is a time-consuming process. Creating test cases, automating testing processes, and predicting weak paths of failure, all are time-consuming and cause delays at times much more than anticipated.  

Documentation 

According to my observations, the creation and maintenance of documentation are ignored mainly due to lack of time. Whereas highly efficient first-time generation of documentation and subsequently, keeping it updated, reduces burden on developers and is also great for keeping the Software relevant.  

UI/UX Design 

Designing responsive, usable, and appealing interfaces would take a lot of time. User-friendliness is another aspect of designs that plays a crucial role in determining App or Web success and acceptance ratio. Fulfilling these can be time-consuming as there can be repeated suggestions and corrections that require time to be done.  

Project Management 

Allocating tasks, remodeling time, and managing resources take a considerable amount of time. These are not only time-consuming but also difficult and complex. Any mistake in this can further delay the completion date.  

Data Processing and Analysis 

If the project is dealing with large amount of data it is most time and resource consuming task. Data processing not only requires time but also technique which at times requires many trials and tests.  

Code Review 

The code review process needs to be very efficient but it does not take less time no matter what. This is another very important aspect of software development that is equally time-consuming and needs high-end resources to complete it. 

How AI is Transforming Web and App Development 

We are among those who saw firsthand the penetration of artificial intelligence (AI) in web and app development. To be more specific, I will talk about how AI has been transforming the world we are in, bringing about faster and more efficient development processes, and at the same time, providing a new horizon of talent to both developers and customers. 

AI in Web Development 

One of the major changes that the use of AI for websites brought was that it changed the old way of working and made it a new, more advanced, and smart way. Here are some important areas at which the adoption of AI has been noticed: 

1. Personalized User Experiences

AI algorithms have professionalized the process of websites interaction with users. They can analyze the visitor’s behavior and preferences in real-time and thus create individually customized presentations. Take, for example, e-commerce websites that employ AI to automatically recommend products for customers based on browsing data and purchase records, which can draw the clients more to the site as well as convert leads into sales. 

2. Chatbots and Virtual Assistants

AI-bycod chatbots have reached a level of sophistication where they are now able to offer precise and immediate customer support through user engaged conversation. These virtual assistants can easily handle simple questions, guide users through the website, and help out in the checkout process, thus putting less load on the human customer service staff. 

3. Automated Design Processes

AI has the capability to provide primary website designing for the clients on the basis of the initial requirements. On the other hand, history shows that there is still a need for human designers to do last adjustments to the created designs. AI is a tool through which the initial design process is shortened and the developers’ and designers’ proposals are facilitated. 

4. Enhanced Search Functionality

AI has massively improved website search functionality. In fact, the incorporation of Natural Language Processing (NLP) has allowed the search engines to analyze different search patterns of users, thus, delivering more accurate results. Furthermore, along with this technology, voice search has also arrived to the websites carrying the users closer to the sites realizing web accessibility. 

5. Content Generation and Optimization

The use of AI tools to develop basic product descriptions and suggest SEO optimization based on web data analysis makes content creation and marketing more efficient and targeted. This new technology could help both creative people and marketers to meet their needs faster and get to the bottom properly… thus, it should be applied in the workplace. 

Summary: 

Code Generation (such as API routes and React/Vue boilerplates)
UI/UX Design Support (Figma-to-Code, AI-generated CSS)
Automated Testing (visual regression testing, AI-based Selenium scripts)
SEO & Content Generation (dynamic content, AI-powered meta tags)
Performance Optimization (image compression, Lighthouse AI recommendations)
Security Scanning (Automated detection of XSS/SQLi)
Debugging & Error Resolution (AI log analysis)
Documentation Generation (auto-generated API docs)
Natural Language to SQL (Database queries driven by AI) 

Shared with AI in Mobile development  

Debugging & Error Resolution (AI log analysis)
Documentation Generation (auto-generated API docs)
Natural Language to SQL (Database queries driven by AI)  

AI in App Development 

AI has over time turned the mobile app sector into a completely different industry. Having been a mobile app developer myself, the following are the modifications I have seen: 

1. Predictive Maintenance

Through AI algorithms, it is possible for the software to foresee the failure of the apps or the arising of performance problems that affect their functioning before even they occur. Consequently, developers might take specific precautions to address the issue when it occurs, thus leading to better stability and user contentment. 

2. Intelligent Data Processing

AI provides the apps with the capability to process and analyze big data sets at a very high speed. This approach, particularly, proves beneficial in apps that deal with big data technology where real-time data is given out to users and more advanced technologies are made possible because of it. 

3. Enhanced Security

AI-based security measures can identify and prevent fraudulent activities more efficiently, accurately, and quicker than traditional methods. Analysis of user behavior patterns and considerations of the possibilities for the breach of the system is done by the AI which ultimately acts on the issue using appropriate responses. 

4. Personalized App Experiences

AI is also utilized in mobile applications such as in the case of web development to provide users with a personalized experience. The apps are able to modify their content and features according to the users’ personal choices and behavior and this feature helps in bringing about more user engagement and increased satisfaction of the user. 

5. Automated Testing

Testing through artificial intelligence devices is such an enjoyable task with the ability to come to a decision so quickly, i.e. through just a simple press of the buttons. Through this, developers need only focus on other significant tasks and empower themselves as well as develop an ultra-secure app. 

Summary  

App Store Optimization (ASO) (AI-generated metadata, screenshots)
Automated Testing
UI Design & Prototyping (AI-generated Flutter/React Native layouts)
Cross-Platform Code Conversion (Swift Kotlin AI tools) (Scripts for XCUITest and Espresso powered by AI)
Battery & Performance Optimization (Analysis of resource usage using AI)  

Shared with AI in Web/Software Development  

Code Autocompletion (in-app assistants using GitHub Copilot)
Security Vulnerability Detection (ML-based APK/iPA scanning)
Voice & Chatbot Integration (NLP) 

Artificial Intelligence in Software Development 

The use of AI in software development has caused a significant shift in the development process. Here are some important areas where AI is having a profound effect: 

1. Code Generation and Completion

Coding tools powered by AI have the ability to come up with code pieces and fill in missing code lines based on the context of what a developer is working on. Such a method not only decreases the coding process’ length but also makes it easier and helps more code quality. Code completion is not only increased because of error reduction issues but also because of different wordings of sentences which on their turn serve to the code as well. 

2. Bug Detection and Fixing

AI procedures identify the failure parts in the code that should be disposed of and the most weak spots of code that can be found in the production phase. In the case of developer tools, they analyze the code for potential problems and interpret the problems the code may be having. Sometimes the correction of these issues is suggested through the tools which is even time saving and reduces effort of developers. 

3. Automated Testing

By assigning its main task of software testing, AI has substantially contributed to this area. It can generate test cases, carry them out, and the result can be analyzed much quicker than human tester. This leads to an increased thorough testing coverage, and faster-to-defect identification. 

4. Project Management and Planning

Versions support may be provided by the AI tools in case they examine the project data that is given for the estimates of project timelines and the amount of resources that will be used. As a result, better project planning, and risk management are secured. 

Summary 

Legacy Code Refactoring (AI-assisted conversion from COBOL to Java)
Performance Profiling (AI-optimized CPU/GPU usage)
Automated Build Optimization (AI-driven compile-time fixes)
Hardware-Specific Tuning (AI for embedded systems and game developers)  

Shared with AI in Web/Mobile Development
Generating Boilerplate Code (such as GUI scaffolding)
Error Diagnostics (AI-powered crash reports)
Dependency Management (resolving conflicts between AI versions)  

Similar to all Three (Web, Mobile, Software)
Debugging & Log Analysis (AI error root-cause detection)
Documentation Generation (Auto-commented code, Swagger docs)
Automated Testing (AI-generated test suites)
Security Scanning (Static/dynamic analysis with AI)
Natural Language to Code “Create a login form” → code
 

AI-Driven Development 

Winners of the process of AI joined development were the following elements: 

1. Increased Efficiency

AI-driven instruments make the mundane work that takes away so much of the developer’s time a lot easier and quicker. This has proved an overall productivity gain 

2. Improved Code Quality

The emergence of AI-power code analysis tools can lead to more defects detection and ability to make edits without losing quality. A large part of the software processing cycle is software developing in many environments, for example one can simply make one’s personal judgment and, in another case, the choice is based on the logic of the learned algorithm. 

3. Faster Development Cycles

Automation and increase in efficiency make the development cycles shorter and as a result, there is a quicker release and thus faster improvement, all this becomes possible. 

4. Enhanced Decision Making

AI can process vast data sets to reveal new insights that help in decision-making throughout the development process. 

AI for Developers 

Being a developer, I have seen firsthand how AI has made us more productive. Here are some ways AI is empowering developers: 

1. Intelligent Code Assistants

AI-powered programming environments can not only suggest completions but also explain tricky code blocks, and they can also compose full functions based on verbal descriptions of a task. 

2. Automated Documentation

AI automates the work of creating documents from code by not only saving developer time but also keeping documentation current with the codebase. 

3. Predictive Analytics

AI can analyze code repositories, predict the potential issues, and provide the optimization of the suggested code, as well as the implementation of best practices specifically relevant to a particular project context. 

4. Natural Language Programming

AI is one of the new tools that allow the developers to write the functionality of a program in simple language. In response to this, the AI translates it into the programming language that the computer can read. This technology might be very promising the future of programming, therefore, it is helpful for people with disabilities to be able to program this way. 

AI Deterrents 

During my time as a developer who has been involved in the usage of the AI in software development, I have seen both its good parts and its potential problems.  AI has transformed our field in many ways, but to speak of people who are using or the driving factor of innovation, one cannot go without touching on the challenges and the security threats that they can create: 

1. Job Displacement Concerns

The primary concern about AI in the development field is the risk of job displacement. Just as AI gains ground in the realm of code generation and automated testing, there are some developers who fear the long-term impact of replacing humans with robots in the industry. However, I am of the opinion that instead of complete replacement, AI is more likely to make our jobs a little more thought-provoking and bemused through shifting our technological characters into our several cooperative tasks. 

2. Over-reliance on AI Tools

One of the dangers may be that the ongoing dependency of developers on the artificial intelligence-based technologies brings about a possible decrease in fundamental coding skills. As it has been with me, it is ruefully important to acquire an equilibrium of AI help and maintain core programming knowledge. 

3. Ethical Concerns

Data privacy and algorithmic bias are among the ethical concerns arising from the development of AI systems particularly in the software engineering cycle. As a developer, we should be on guard and weigh up the ethical aspects of the AI systems we integrate to make sure that they are not exposing biases or shatter the user confidentiality. 

4. Quality Control Challenges

In enhancement of coding quality, it may also introduce errors and inconsistencies that are tough to be spotted by human. Cautiousness in quality control is significantly multiplied when you include AI as a part of the development workflow. 

5. Security Vulnerabilities

AI systems can for sure add new security vulnerabilities if they are not implemented well and monitored properly. As a developer, we should be the more careful about the security implications of AI implantation in our projects. 

6. Cost and Resource Intensity

The advanced AI systems are the basis of developing resource-intensive and cash-rigorous installations, which may not be feasible for smaller companies or individual developers altogether. In effect, it has a potential for developing a bigger gap between major tech giants and small businesses in the industry. 

Conclusion 

To summarize, AI continues to be a driving cause of change in the professional disciplines of apps and the web, yet it is necessary to carefully think about how it is integrated. Every developer is supposed to keep abreast of the potentialities alongside the obstacles that AI brings about. There are ways of using its power wisely and so shaping the development of innovations with AI while having the possibilities reduced. The future of AI development looks bright, indeed, but the ongoing vigilance and ethical consideration are necessary to realize its full potential. 

The post How AI is Transforming Web and App Development appeared first on Exatosoftware.

 We are already past the first quarter of 2025 and it is about time to see some fascinating changes is yet to arrive. The world of software is moving faster than ever before, thus shaping the digital world that we are living in, and is impacting almost all of our daily activities. In this blog post I share my ideas about Trending Software Development Techniques that will pave way for more significant changes in the coming years. These are those technologies that will change the workplace, initiate new ways of communication, and help us be more connected with the digital world. I would like to point out that it is not only businesses that these experiments are changing but it will be society too. Let us go on together as we discuss these breakthrough technologies and be ready for the future of technology which is going to be great         

Little Recap: Trending Software Development Techniques 

At the point where 2025 is about to begin, it is very important for us to look back on the really incredible technology journey that we have been through. In the years 2023 and 2024, we observed a critical and comprehensive software boom, which has been the main component that reshaped our digital environment. These improvements have brought about revolutionary changes in the way we commune with technology and have also impacted the entire industries along with our daily lives rapidly. This fast-paced change shapes the game for the most exciting developments that we all anticipate to happen in 2025. We are going to look over some of the software trends that were the focus of the tech world in 2023 and 2024, and the ones that are the foundation of our present technological climate. 

Major Software Engineering Trends of 2023-2024: 

Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Integration 

Edge Computing and 5G Technology 

Blockchain and Decentralized Applications 

Extended Reality (XR) – Combining AR, VR, and MR 

Low-Code and No-Code Development Platforms 

Cybersecurity and Privacy-Enhancing Technologies 

Internet of Things (IoT) and Smart Devices Proliferation 

Cloud-Native and Serverless Computing 

Quantum Computing Advancements 

Green and Sustainable Software Development 

These trends have together in the past paved the road for a new and innovative world, as we enter 2025 that is setting the scene for even more revolutionary changes. 

Latest Trends shaping the Future of Software Development 

Hyper-Personalization: Artificial intelligence and machine learning have risen to the level of individual experience which has never seen before. 

Decentralized Internet: Blockchain technology has facilitated the digital world to be more decentralized and thereby become more secure. 

Ubiquitous Connectivity: 5G and IoT have fashioned a planet where we are interrelated with no interruption. 

Immersive Digital Experiences: Extended Reality (XR) has distorted the boundaries between the real and digital worlds. 

Democratized Development: Low-code and no-code platforms are what have actually given non-technical people the ability to create software solutions. 

Advantages of Emerging Tech Trends 

Enhanced Efficiency: Automation, which is driven by artificial intelligence, has largely improved productivity in all industries. 

Improved Security: Advanced cybersecurity solutions have made the dialogues among digital entities to be a safe one. 

Sustainability: Environmentally friendly software patterns have become a part of the measures that have brought about the lowering of carbon emissions in digital processes. 

Accessibility: Through cloud-native solutions, powerful computing resources have been brought undoubtfully to a lot of people. 

Innovation Acceleration: The amalgamation of these technologies has driven a rapid growth of innovative tech businesses. 

Software Development Trends 2025 

Quantum Internet: Advances in the quantum technology sector has proven to be a secure form of communication with the invention of quantum networks. 

AI-Human Collaboration: Now, artificial intelligence (AI) is at the next high level and it is working along with the human brain and taking creative roles as well. 

Digital Twins: The adoption of highly accurate digital twins that represent physical objects is currently being launched in industry and healthcare. 

Brain-Computer Interfaces: A new type of BCIs which can be used without the need of surgery has just appeared in the market, and being able to interact with technology in new ways is such a thing. 

Self-Healing Software: The AI systems added that can automatically determine and repair software malfunctions have been developed. 

Not only have the gains in these sectors given wings to our technology mastery, they have also transformed our societal norms and user expectations.  

Let us take a dive and see what kind of Software Development Trends can we expect in 2025, along with the reasons, prediction and kind of impact these may have if expectations come true.  

Top Software Trends 2025 

1. 1. AI & Machine Learning Integration (Highest Impact)

Reason for Attention 

AI and Machine Learning integration will be a very hot  topic in the year 2025 as these technologies have the potential to even change the way various industries operate. To any Technology enthusiast or Researcher of technological trends, the quick evolution of AI is promising more capabilities than ever, in data analytics, decision-making, and automation. 

Impact on the Current Work 

AI integration with the current system is likely to be one of the most dominant improvements that one can come up, such as by: 

Freeing up human workers’ times for more important strategic and creative roles through automatic devices. 

Increasing the decision-making processes by the use of data-based analysis. 

Improving customization of different platforms and services with user experiences. 

Optimizing resource allocation and operational efficiency through it 

Predictions for 2025 

From the current issue at hand, it can be said that – 

The integration of AI into a business software solution is estimated to be around 70% of the total of the said enterprise software applications. 

Model-based learning will be available for non-technical users through simpler interfaces. 

In the next coming years, preventive maintenance will be so good that the downtime in manufacturing will be reduced by up to 50%. 

The NLP technology runway is set to introduce the user to a more human-like experience with the assistance of the AI program. 

2. Platform Engineering & Internal Developer Platforms (IDPs)

Reason for Attention 

Engineering Incoming Platform and Developer Platforms are platforms that have grabbed attention as a shift towards them would be a major propellant of development and improving collaboration. The platforms are there to solve the issue of the complexity of the software development with their installation means. 

Impact on the Current Work 

In my decision, it is worth to notice that Platform Engineering and IDPs have the effect of promptly changing the current state of work by: 

Easing up the split between development and operational teams 

Proposing standardized development environments and procedures 

Taking software delivery from a snallice to turbo speed 

Promoting the popularity of the written-in-code and cutting the risk of errors since best practices would be installed 

Predictions for 2025 

My estimates by the year 2025 include these: 

Just above sixty percent of large firms will be IDP adopters in an attempt to ensure successful development processes through their streamlining. 

Platform Engineering will be at the helm of the 40% reduction of time normally spent on infrastructure. 

Self-service distinctiveness in IDPs shall bring more empowered autonomy among developers. 

AI will help the apps through the intelligence of recommendations on code optimization and security. 

3. WebAssembly (Wasm) Beyond the Browser

Reason for Attention 

Coming to my particular the world of WebAssembly is an area in the web world that is becoming an attention magnet because it provides near-native speeds and has a long line of applications for it ranging beyond the browser. In theory, its flexibility and efficiency emerge as the main reasons to utilize throughout various computing environments. 

Impact on the Current Work 

As for WebAssembly, I posit that it would be the means to an end, i.e., it would improve performance greatly by: 

Developing the browser experience to that of desktops 

Using already existing codes in web browser environments 

Reinforcing the web through the use of sandboxed execution 

Facilitating programming languages that run on a universal platform 

Predictions for 2025 

Through the currents, I believe that by 2025: 

Wasm will be included in about thirty percent of Edge applications 

In five years, the number of server-side Wasm newcomers in the domain of microservices and serverless functions will rise up by 200%. 

The article will be the catalyst for adopting web productivity and graphic development tools. 

Transversal development by Wasm will significantly reduce development time by 25% for the reliable low-risk part of the applications. 

4. Edge Computing & Distributed Cloud

Reason for Attention 

One of the reasons why a lot has been seen in the interest of Edge Computing and Distributed Cloud is that they can not only reduce latency but also improve data processing speed. In my opinion, these innovations bridge the gap between data and the computation needed to make real-time decisions. Notably, a majority of data in IoT and mobile applications is expected to be processed in real-time, which poses a challenge for traditional cloud systems. The main advantage of edge computing is that it can minimize the distance between the cloud that has to send data and the terminal device that must receive the cloud data. 

Impact on the Current Work 

According to me, these technologies are going to be the most significant technological advancement in the current business race by: 

Making critical applications to run more smoothly through quicker responses 

Reducing bandwidth costs with local data processing 

Enhancing data privacy and compliance with local regulations 

Making the applications more reliable in low-connectivity areas 

Predictions for 2025 

By watching the current trends, I believe that by 2025: 

75% of enterprise-generated data will be processed at the edge 

Distributed cloud services will be adopted by 50% of large organizations 

Edge AI will become a standard feature in most IoT devices 

5G networks will further boost edge computing capabilities, leading to new use cases 

5. Rust & Go for Systems Programming

Reason for Attention 

Rust and Go have attracted a good amount of attention because of the focuses on performance, safety, and concurrency. These languages are designed to address some of the known deficiencies in traditional system programming languages that makes them suitable for modern software development. 

Impact on the Current Work 

Rust and Go are changing the face of language and systems programming according to me by: 

Improving the safety of memory and reducing typical programming bugs 

Enhancing the concurrent programming aspect 

Offering better performance compared to many others high-level languages 

Providing tooling and package management systems that are more robust and easier to use 

Predictions for 2025 

Moving forward, I believe that by 2025: 

Rust will be used in 30% of new systems programming projects 

Go will be the language of choice for building cloud-native applications 

Major operating systems will incorporate more components written in Rust 

Rust and Go will be included increasingly in systems programming courses in universities  

6. AI-Generated Low-Code/No-Code

Reasons for Attention 

AI-generated low-code/no-code is gaining a lot of attention for a quite good reason. Bringing software development within reach of the common person by making even non-technical users build applications. Blazingly fast design and real-world application of the product, thus, making the time-to-market shrink. Amelioration of the global lack of skilled developers by bringing guider numbers of persons to the software creation process. 

Impact on Current Work 

Machines that are capable of creating the necessary code to handle the software development tasks that regard AI-Generated Low-Code/No-Code are gradually becoming more popular.   

The traditional role of developers would be a sort of mold and to add their creative artwork to their work. 

There is the growing trend where businesses do the integration of application software and the applications development process inside the larger ecosystem. 

Employees commonly work side by side with IT in the development of a project which results in IT team being closer to them. 

Predictions for 2025 

The future looks promising for the AI-powered Low-Code/No-Code platforms, they are going to continue and be the driving force for high-tech revolution in all the sectors of economies. There will be problems as well as solutions, intelligent ones.   

AI will be so far advanced in generating code that it can be done with little intervention from humans, creating highly elaborate applications. 

One trend that can be expected is that regular coding will be deployed along with the help of AI-generated low-code solutions. 

Governance and security will be at the forefront ensuring proper working of low-code/no-code in the enterprise environment. 

The vision of AI-Generated Low-Code/No-Code platforms seems like a catalyst that drives the growth of software solutions in different industries. 

7. 7. Infrastructure from Code (IfC)

Reasons for Attention 

The trend of Infrastructure from Code (IfC) is highly probable as the technology of the future, as it has the capability to completely change our way of dealing with infrastructure ‘in the digital world’. In my capacity as a developer, I have seen how the use of IfC can allow us to define and manage the infrastructure using code, thereby, bringing advantages like Increased automation and consistency, Improved version control and collaboration, and Faster deployment and scaling 

Impact on the Current Work.   

Moreover, the technology of IfC has been a game changer in my job as it has transformed how the handling of infrastructure is being approached.   

Developers are now more involved in infrastructure decisions. 

There’s a shift towards treating infrastructure as a software development process. 

Teams are adopting new tools and practices for infrastructure management. 

Predictions for 2025 

IfC will be the technology of the future as the year 2025 will see great changes in infrastructure.  

IfC will become the standard approach for most organizations. 

We’ll see more advanced IfC tools with AI-assisted infrastructure optimization. 

There will be a growing demand for professionals skilled in both development and infrastructure. 

8. 8. Observability & OpenTelemetry (OTel)

Reasons for Attention 

The adoption of observability and open telemetry is mainly occasioned by the increased complexity of modern systems. There is  need for better insights into distributed systems, and growing demand for real-time monitoring and troubleshooting. The push for standardization in telemetry data collection and analysis. 

Impact on Current Work 

The main role of them is being the following ones already in several points of our work, for example, 

Teams are adopting more comprehensive monitoring and logging practices. 

There’s an increased focus on instrumenting code for better observability. 

Organizations are investing in tools and platforms that support OpenTelemetry. 

Predictions for 2025 

The main technological development will be in the field of Observability and OTel. 

OpenTelemetry will become the de facto standard for telemetry data. 

We’ll see more AI-driven observability tools for automated problem detection and resolution. 

Observability will be a core consideration in system design and architecture. 

9. 9. Wildcards (Could Surge Unexpectedly)

Reasons for Attention 

Wildcards are the show of emerging technologies or trends that come on the scene unexpected and quickly win the game.   

We have the ability to interrupt the existing systems and technologies. 

When you need to use something very new, you can do it and have the advantage comparing with your competitors. 

They are usually the most disruptive and innovative solutions to solve the current problems. 

Impact on Current Work 

The influence of wildcards is often out of our control as it is the essence of the matter, yet there are general effects that are noticeable. 

Organizations are allocating resources for exploring and experimenting with emerging technologies. 

There’s a paradigm shift in technology strategies, with a strong focus on flexibility and adaptability. 

Continuous learning and skill development have become more important than ever. 

Predictions for 2025 

Forecasting wildcards is a hard task but the current trends are such that we expect that- 

Quantum computing may develop such a data processing system and encryption that would change the world. 

New and advanced interfaces that use humans and machines will be key in how technology is used. 

Conclusion 

The future of software development is set to change dramatically in the next five years.  Infrastructure from Code, Observability & OpenTelemetry, AI-Generated Low-Code/No-Code resolutions, and the unanticipated for wildcards – are going to be the new frontiers in software development and management. These new developments, promise to be more useful, easy to use, and meet ever-changing digital needs.  The near future is laden with the prospects of the unknown and I can hardly wait to see how these newly introduced trends in software development will transform and reshape our work. 

The post Emerging Software Trends 2025 appeared first on Exatosoftware.

Venmo is a popular peer-to-peer payment app that has taken the world by storm. It allows users to easily transfer money to one another, either as a gift or to settle a debt. With its user-friendly interface, Venmo has become a go-to app for people who want to send and receive money quickly and efficiently. How does Venmo work and makes money

In this blog, we will explore the ins and outs of Venmo and shed some light on its business model. Whether you’re a seasoned Venmo user or just curious about the app, this post is for you!

What is Venmo App?

Venmo is a mobile app that enables users to send and receive money from friends and family. It allows users to connect their bank account or credit card to the app and then easily transfer funds to others who also have the app. Venmo also has a social aspect to it, as users can see a feed of their friends’ transactions and add comments or emojis to them. Venmo is widely used as a simple and convenient way to transfer money, and it has become particularly popular among younger generations.

How does Venmo work?

Venmo is a peer-to-peer payment app that allows users to send and receive money from one another quickly and easily. Here’s how does Venmo work:

• Sign up: To use Venmo, you first need to sign up for an account using your email address or phone number.
• Connect a bank account or credit card: You can then connect a bank account or credit card to your Venmo account, which you can use to send and receive payments.
• Send or receive payments: To send money, simply enter the amount you want to send and the recipient’s Venmo username. You can also add a message or emoji to personalize the transaction. The recipient will receive a notification and can either accept or reject the payment. To receive money, you simply need to have a Venmo account and provide your Venmo username to the sender.
• Instant transfer: Venmo offers an instant transfer option, which allows you to transfer funds from your Venmo balance to your linked bank account. This transfer typically takes just a few minutes.
• Security: Venmo uses encryption and multiple layers of security to protect your personal and financial information, ensuring that your transactions are secure.

By using Venmo, you can quickly and easily send and receive payments from friends, family, and other contacts, without having to worry about cash or check transactions. Whether you’re splitting a dinner bill or paying back a friend for concert tickets, Venmo makes it easy and convenient.

Here are some Statistics on Venmo:

1. User base: As of 2022, Venmo had over 77.7 million active users in the United States.
2. Transactions: In the fourth quarter of 2022, Venmo processed over $44 billion in total payment volume.
3. Age demographic: Venmo has a strong appeal among younger users, with 70% of its users being under the age of 35.
4. Revenue: Venmo generated revenue of over $300 million in 2021, primarily through its transaction fees and payment processing services.
5. Popularity: Venmo is consistently ranked among the top finance apps in both the Apple App Store and Google Play Store.

These statistics demonstrate the widespread popularity and usage of Venmo as a convenient and efficient way to transfer money between individuals.

What are Various Revenue Models of Venmo App?

Venmo generates revenue through a few different channels:

• Transaction fees: Venmo charges a fee for instant transfers to a debit card, typically 1% of the transaction amount with a minimum fee of $0.25 and a maximum of $10.
• Payment processing: Venmo also makes money by offering payment processing services to merchants. This allows businesses to accept Venmo as a form of payment, and Venmo charges merchants a fee for this service.
• Interest on Venmo balances: Venmo also earns interest on the funds that are held in users’ Venmo balances, which are insured by the FDIC.
• Advertising: Venmo also generates revenue through targeted advertising, where brands can reach out to users within the app.

By utilizing a combination of these revenue streams, Venmo is able to offer its services to users for free while still generating significant revenue for the company.

Let’s discuss each of these revenue models in detail:

1. Transaction fees

The first Venmo revenue model is transaction fees. Venmo charges a fee for instant transfers to a debit card, typically 1% of the transaction amount with a minimum fee of $0.25 and a maximum of $10. This fee is charged to cover the cost of processing the transaction and making the funds available instantly.

For example, if you want to transfer $100 to your debit card instantly, Venmo would charge you a fee of $1, as it is less than the maximum fee of $10. This fee is automatically deducted from the amount you are transferring, and the remaining funds will be available on your debit card.

The transaction fee for instant transfers is optional, and users can also choose to transfer funds for free, but with a delay of 1-3 business days for the funds to become available on their debit card.

2.  Payment processing

Venmo offers payment processing services to merchants, which allows them to accept Venmo as a form of payment. When a customer uses Venmo to make a purchase from a participating merchant, Venmo charges the merchant a fee for processing the transaction.

The fee for payment processing varies depending on the type of transaction, but typically ranges from 2.9% + $0.30 to 3.5% + $0.15 per transaction. This fee covers the cost of processing the transaction, protecting against fraud, and providing customer support.

By offering payment processing services, Venmo is able to expand its reach beyond just peer-to-peer payments and into the larger world of commerce. This opens up new revenue streams for the company and increases the value of the service for users, who can now use Venmo for transferring and accepting payments.

3.  Interest on Venmo balances

The next Venmo revenue model refers to interest on Venmo balances. Venmo earns interest on the funds that are held in users’ Venmo balances, which are insured by the FDIC.

When a user receives money through Venmo, the funds are held in their Venmo balance until they withdraw them to their linked bank account or spend them through the app. Venmo earns interest on the funds held in these balances, and this interest serves as a source of revenue for the company.

It’s important to note that the interest earned on Venmo balances is likely to be relatively low, as the balances are typically held for short periods of time. However, the large volume of transactions processed by Venmo means that even a small amount of interest earned on each transaction can add up to a significant source of revenue for the company.

4. Advertising

The final Venmo revenue model refers to advertising. Venmo generates revenue through targeted advertising, where brands can reach out to users within the app.

Venmo has a large user base and a high level of engagement, which makes it an attractive platform for advertisers. Brands can target specific demographics or interests and deliver advertisements to users within the app, such as in the transaction feed or on the home screen.

By offering targeted advertising, Venmo is able to generate additional revenue while providing value to users by connecting them with relevant products and services. The revenue generated from advertising is likely to be relatively small compared to other revenue streams, such as transaction fees and payment processing, but it still serves as an important source of revenue for the company.

How to Make an App Like Venmo?

If you want to create an app like Venmo, you will need to follow these steps:

1. Conduct market research: Study the current market and analyze the competition to understand what makes Venmo unique and what opportunities exist for a similar app.
2. Define your target audience: Identify the demographics and interests of the users you want to target with your app.
3. Create a business plan: Outline the goals, target market, marketing strategy, revenue streams, and budget for your app.
4. Design a user-friendly interface: Develop a user-friendly interface that is easy to navigate and allows users to easily send and receive payments.
5. Integrate payment processing: Integrate a payment processing system into your app to allow users to send and receive payments.
6. Implement security features: Ensure that your app is secure by implementing features such as encryption, two-factor authentication, and fraud protection.
7. Launch and market your app: Launch your app and promote it through social media, influencer marketing, and other channels to reach your target audience.
8. Continuously improve and update the app: Monitor user feedback and continuously improve and update the app to provide the best possible experience for users.

Creating an app like Venmo requires a significant investment of time and resources, but if done correctly, it has the potential to be a profitable and successful business. It’s important to understand the market, target audience, and revenue streams to ensure the success of the app.

How Much Does it Cost to Develop an App like Venmo?

The cost of developing an app like Venmo can vary greatly depending on several factors, such as the complexity of the app, the experience and expertise of the development team, and the region where the development is taking place.

On average, the cost of developing an app like Venmo can range from $50,000 to $300,000 or more. This includes the cost of design, development, testing, and launch.

It’s important to understand that developing an app like Venmo requires a significant investment of time and resources, and it’s essential to work with a team of experienced and skilled developers to ensure that the app is of high quality and meets the needs of users.

Additionally, ongoing costs such as marketing, maintenance, and updates must also be considered when estimating the total cost of developing an app like Venmo.

It’s recommended to work with a development team or agency to get a more accurate estimate for the cost of developing an app like Venmo based on your specific requirements and goals.

What Team Composition is Required to Build an App like Venmo?

To build an app like Venmo, you will need a development team that includes the following roles:

• Project Manager: Manages the project, coordinates with the development team, and ensures that the app is developed on time and within budget.
• Designer: Creates the user interface, designs the user experience, and ensures that the app is visually appealing and easy to use.
• Back-end Developer: Develops the server-side infrastructure and the database, ensuring that the app is secure and can handle high volumes of transactions.
• Front-end Developer: Develops the user-facing side of the app, ensuring that it is responsive and provides a seamless experience for users.
• Payment Processing Expert: Implements and integrates the payment processing system into the app, ensuring that payments are secure and compliant with industry standards.
• QA Tester: Tests the app to ensure that it is functioning correctly and that it meets the needs of users.
  Marketing Specialist: Develops and implements a marketing strategy to promote the app and reach its target audience.

It’s important to have a balanced and experienced team with expertise in all the key areas of app development to ensure that the app is of high quality and meets the needs of users. You may also consider working with a development agency or outsourcing some roles, depending on your specific requirements and budget.

What Technology Stack is Required to Build an App like Venmo?

The technology stack required to build an app like Venmo includes the following:

1. Front-end development: React Native, AngularJS, or similar front-end frameworks can be used to develop the user-facing side of the app.
2. Back-end development: Node.js, Ruby on Rails, or similar back-end frameworks can be used to develop the server-side infrastructure and database.
3. Database management: MongoDB, MySQL, or similar databases can be used to store and manage the data for the app.
4. Payment processing: Stripe, PayPal, or similar payment processing systems can be integrated into the app to allow for secure and compliant payment processing.
5. Cloud infrastructure: Amazon Web Services (AWS), Google Cloud, or similar cloud platforms can be used to host the app and ensure scalability and reliability.
6. Security: SSL encryption, two-factor authentication, and other security measures should be implemented to ensure the security of user data and transactions.

It’s important to use modern, reliable, and secure technologies to build an app like Venmo, as this will ensure that the app is scalable, reliable, and secure and that it meets the needs of users. Additionally, it’s essential to continually monitor and update the technology stack to ensure that the app stays up-to-date with the latest trends and technologies.

Why Hire Exato Software to Build an App like Venmo?

Here are the benefits of hiring Exato Software to build an app like Venmo:

1. Experience and Expertise: Exato Software has extensive experience in building and launching successful financial apps, including apps similar to Venmo. This expertise ensures that the app will be developed to a
   high standard and will meet the needs of users.
2. Customizable Solutions: Exato Software provides customizable solutions, ensuring that the app will be tailored to your specific requirements and goals.
3. Agile Development Methodology: Exato Software uses an agile development methodology, which means that the development process is flexible, efficient, and responsive to changing requirements.
4. Time-to-Market: Exato Software has a proven track record of delivering projects on time and within budget, ensuring that your app will be launched as quickly as possible.
5. 24/7 Support: Exato Software provides 24/7 support, ensuring that any issues or problems are resolved quickly and effectively.
6. Cost-effective: Exato Software provides competitive pricing and flexible engagement models, ensuring that you get value for money.

By hiring Exato Software to build an app like Venmo, you can benefit from their expertise, experience, and commitment to delivering high-quality, cost-effective solutions.

Conclusion

In conclusion, Venmo is a popular peer-to-peer payment app that has revolutionized the way people make and receive payments. It operates on a revenue model that includes fees for instant transfers, credit card transactions, and business payments.

To build an app like Venmo, you will need a development team that includes roles such as project manager, designer, back-end developer, front-end developer, payment processing expert, QA tester, and marketing specialist. The technology stack required for an app like Venmo includes front-end and back-end development frameworks, a database management system, a payment processing system, and cloud infrastructure.

Exato Software is a company that has the experience and expertise to build a high-quality app like Venmo, with customizable solutions, an agile development methodology, quick time-to-market, 24/7 support, and cost-effective pricing. Contact us today to turn your financial app idea into a profitable business.

The post Venmo Business Model How Does Venmo Work and Make Money? appeared first on Exatosoftware.

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For offshore IT consulting costs, the rates might differ between $25 and $75 per hour. Therefore, on this beneath part, we’ve described the most well-liked and most popular service supplier classifications for which you will have the ability to decide which one to go along software development consulting rates with based mostly on IT consulting charges. To get the most effective return of investment in your software program improvement project, you need an skilled staff of execs who are devoted to building top-quality merchandise.

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Our Fee Consists Of The Next Companies

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Businesses internationally rely on IT consultancy to maintain pace with technological advancement in a cost-effective means. You might have acquaintances who’ve also turn out to be consultants and it is tempting to ask for his or her recommendation on the way. This isn’t exactly the mistaken move, but basing your whole decisions on that one issue alone is usually a deadly mistake. Area of Specialization  Since you may be an IT advisor, you must already know which relevant fields are in demand today, so you have to decide as to what you will focus on.

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Advantages Of It Outstaffing In 2021 For Your Corporation

Building custom software is a good way to improve effectivity and innovation within your group. There are many choices when hiring software builders, and it’s necessary that you hire the proper kind of consultancy in your project. If you can afford their comparatively excessive rates and project minimums, a Big Business Class consultancy is often a good choice. But they are typically fairly a bit more expensive than mid-market software program improvement corporations. If you might be positioned within the United States or Western Europe and need to rent native software growth consultants, you will likely pay these charges.

• It’s worth going for a UI/UX consultant’s service if you need to know what design solutions are best to both guarantee final usability and comprehensively characterize your brand id.
• Some could cost per project, some may cost a tech marketing consultant hourly rate, some could charge a every day fee, and a few may fit on a monthly retainer.
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The power and elegance of the Event Sourcing pattern in designing robust and scalable systems is highly impressive. This architectural approach has revolutionized the way we think about data storage and system design.

Event Sourcing is a pattern that fundamentally changes how we manage the state of an application. Instead of storing just the current state of the data in a domain, the Event Sourcing pattern captures all changes to an application state as a sequence of events. These events are stored in the order they were applied and can be used to reconstruct past states.

I remember when I first implemented Event Sourcing in a large-scale financial system. The ability to track every transaction and state change was a game-changer for auditing and compliance purposes. It allowed us to answer questions about the system’s state at any point in time, which was previously impossible with traditional data models.

Event Sourcing should be used when:

• You need a complete audit trail of all changes in your system.
• You want to enable complex event processing and analysis.
• You need to reconstruct past states of your application.
• You want to improve performance in write-heavy systems.
• You aim to separate the concerns of writin g and reading data.

Core Concepts and Principles

The Event Sourcing pattern is structured around several main concepts and principles:

• Events as the Source of Truth :The events are the highest authorities in the Event Sourcing. These are the crucial points in the scenario where something has occurred. For example, in an e-commerce system, an event might be the order is “Placed”, “Payment Received”, or “Shipped”.
• Immutability of Events: When an event is stored, it can’t be altered or deleted. That’s what the immutability is all about. This rule guarantees that the event list cannot be corrupted and the past states can be accurately reassembled.
• Event Store:The Event Store is a database that denotes as event store to keep the event order. Adding new events is facilitated by the stores structure, and reading events can thus be done in chronological sequence.
• Projections:Projections are used to derive the current state or any past state from the event stream. They convert the event data into a format that can be manipulated and presented.
• Command-Query Responsibility Segregation (CQRS):While strictly speaking it’s not important, Event Sourcing is a pattern that is often used alongside CQRS. The principle behind CQRS is that it is a pattern by which you split the write model (commands that change the state) from the read model (queries that retrieve the data).

Key Characteristics and Common Use Cases

Among other things, according to my own experience, Event Sourcing is characterized by the following:

Characteristics:

• Complete Audit Trail: Every change is recorded as an event, providing a full history of the system.
• Temporal Query Capability:The ability to determine the state of the system at any point in time.
• Event Replay: The capacity to reconstruct the state by replaying events.
• Separation of Concerns: Clear distinction between write operations (commands) and read operations (queries).
• Scalability:Improved write performance due to the append-only nature of event logs.
• Common Use Cases:Event Sourcing is used across many fields. Below you can see different use cases in detail:

1. Financial Systems:Event Sourcing is a very significant concept of the financial system and a complete audit trail of all the transactions can be maintained only through this method.The account balance of the bank is the sum of all deposits, withdrawals, and transfers.
   Each transaction is the record and can be named as an immutable event, which allows the precise reconstruction of the account history.
   Employing this style, the bank prevents frauds and risky behavior, complies with the requirements of the supervisory institution, and handles the disputes of the customers.
2. Inventory Management: Event Sourcing will help in correctly following along with stock quantities during the reports. For instance:Every report on stocks addition, elimination, bookmarking is an event.It becomes possible to validate the physical inventory records by comparing them with the system inventory figures.It assists in identifying inaccuracies, monitoring shrinkage, and setting the reorder points at the appropriate time by providing better data.
3. Reservation Systems: Event Sourcing in hotel and airplane booking systems is a robust method to be able to ((Error at this point: the verb cannot be “manage”)) handle reservations. Log evidencing whoever canceled or changed their flight.
   Registering each booking act, each change, or each cancellation act as an event that gets alive data logged to it.
   Thus, tracking of seat/room availability becomes possible at any moment.
   Planning the overbooking, understanding the user’s choice, and booking patterns are shown by it.
4. Collaborative Applications: The way of keeping event logs should be done for services such as Google Docs and software for project management:Each edition, comment, or change is stored as an event in the log.
   The feature like version history and returning to a previous view is one outcome of the availability of logs.It makes people get their conflicts resolved easily in multiple-user editing scenarios.
5. IoT and Sensor DataSystems which collect data through IoT devices and sensors are the systems we will look at next:Each sensor reading is stored as an event with a timestamp.It allows the data to be analyzed in time and space.It is helpful in predictive maintenance, environmental monitoring, and optimizing performance.
   These scenarios of Application Maintenance Management (AMM) show us how, through their event logs, Event Sourcing creates a time-ordered administrative record of all the changes plus enables exploration of trends in data.

How to implement Event Sourcing in .NET Development

Event Sourcing pattern in .NET necessitates the careful consideration of the architecture and tools. The most straightforward draft of an Event Sourcing implementation in a .NET application would be the following:
1.Define Events:
We begin our work by defining the events:

public abstract class Event

{

    public Guid Id { get; set; }

    public DateTime Timestamp { get; set; }

}

public class OrderPlacedEvent : Event

{

    public Guid OrderId { get; set; }

    public string CustomerName { get; set; }

    public decimal TotalAmount { get; set; }

}

2.`Implement an Event Store
Then, we determine the interface to be used for our Event Store:

public interface IEventStore

{

    void SaveEvents(Guid aggregateId, IEnumerable events, int expectedVersion);

    List GetEventsForAggregate(Guid aggregateId);

}

3.Create an Aggregate Root
The Aggregate Root is responsible for applying events and maintaining state:

public abstract class AggregateRoot

{

    private readonly List _changes = new List();

    public Guid Id { get; protected set; }

    public int Version { get; private set; } = -1;

    public IEnumerable GetUncommittedChanges()

    {

        return _changes;

    }

    public void MarkChangesAsCommitted()

    {

        _changes.Clear();

    }

    protected void ApplyChange(Event @event)

    {

        ApplyChange(@event, true);

    }

    private void ApplyChange(Event @event, bool isNew)

    {

        this.AsDynamic().Apply(@event);

        if (isNew)

        {

            _changes.Add(@event);

        }

    }

}

4.Implement a Specific Aggregate
So, we go the next step by planning a specific aggregate, e.g., by defining an order:

public class Order : AggregateRoot

{

    public string CustomerName { get; private set; }

    public decimal TotalAmount { get; private set; }

    public Order()

    {

    }

    public Order(Guid id, string customerName, decimal totalAmount)

    {

        ApplyChange(new OrderPlacedEvent { Id = id, CustomerName = customerName, TotalAmount = totalAmount });

    }

    public void Apply(OrderPlacedEvent @event)

    {

        Id = @event.Id;

        CustomerName = @event.CustomerName;

        TotalAmount = @event.TotalAmount;

    }

}

5.Use the Event Sourcing System
Eventually, we will be able to exploit our Event Sourcing system:

var eventStore = new EventStore(); // Implementation of IEventStore

var order = new Order(Guid.NewGuid(), John Doe, 100.00m);

eventStore.SaveEvents(order.Id, order.GetUncommittedChanges(), -1);

order.MarkChangesAsCommitted();

// Later, to reconstruct the order

var events = eventStore.GetEventsForAggregate(order.Id);

var reconstructedOrder = new Order();

foreach (var @event in events)

{

    reconstructedOrder.AsDynamic().Apply(@event);

}  

This constitutes an elementary implementation and it needs to be further worked out to prepare for deployment in a production system, like dealing with error handling and concurrency control, along with the seamless integration of a stable event store like Event Store DB or a message broker such as RabbitMQ.

Advantages and Weaknesses

Advantages:

1. Complete Audit Trail: Every change is recorded, providing a comprehensive history.
2. Temporal Queries: Ability to reconstruct the state at any point in time.
3. Improved Performance: Append-only event logs can be more efficient than update-in-place models.
4. Debugging and Diagnostics: Easy to understand how the system reached a particular state.
5. Business Value: The event log itself often holds significant business value.
6. Flexibility: Easy to adapt to changing business requirements by adding new event types.

Weaknesses:

1. Complexity: Event Sourcing can be more complex to implement and understand.
2. Eventual Consistency: Read models may lag behind the event store.
3. Event Schema Evolution: Changing event schemas can be challenging.
4. Storage Requirements: Storing all events can require significant storage capacity.
5. Learning Curve: Developers need to adapt to a different way of thinking about data.

Other Patterns and Brief Descriptions

Event Sourcing is often used together with other architectural patterns:

1. CQRS (Command Query Responsibility Segregation):
   This is a design pattern which separates the read and write operations for a data store. It is often utilized in conjunction with Event Sourcing to simplify managing the complexity of read models.
2. Domain-Driven Design (DDD):
   This is a software architecture paradigm that centralizes an application to be centered on the concept of domain according to the information collected from domain experts.
3. Microservices Architecture:
   This is the architecture style that constructs an application as a collection of loosely bound services.
4. Saga Pattern:
   This is a way to handle distributed transactions, which is unequally helpful in microservice architectures.
5. Publish-Subscribe Pattern:
   This is a message pattern in which the senders of messages (publishers) do not send messages directly to specific receivers (subscribers).

Comparative Analysis with Other Patterns

Let’s compare Event Sourcing with some traditional and modern architectural patterns:

Event Sourcing vs. Traditional CRUD:Event Sourcing, on the one hand, is an entirely event-based solution, where all activities are persisted to the database as events, in contrast to traditional CRUD operations that directly mold the current state. This naturally implies a more comprehensive audit trail and the possibility of reaching past states, which is not so with CRUD.

• Event Sourcing vs. CQRS:
  CQRS and Event Sourcing are two different patterns that are often used together, so if you choose between them, you will not know what will happen. CQRS is a pattern for the separation of the read and write models, while Event Sourcing is a pattern for the storage of change events. Those programs are highly related to each other, and incorporating an event store for the write model is one way to harmonize them.
• Event Sourcing vs. Microservices:
  Microservices imply the development of tiny and independent services, while Event Sourcing is a method of storing data. However, it is certain that Event Sourcing can be very advantageous if implemented in a microservices architecture, particularly for synchronization of the data across the services.
• Event Sourcing vs. Database Replication:
  Database replication is creating copies of the database, while event sourcing alters the order of the changes. Generally, event sourcing works better with making different views of the data and reconfiguring the schema.

Conclusion

From my years of experience as a software architect, I’ve found Event Sourcing to be a powerful pattern that can bring significant benefits to certain types of systems. It provides unparalleled auditability, flexibility, and the ability to reconstruct past states, which can be crucial in many business domains.

However, it’s not a silver bullet. The added complexity and potential performance considerations mean that it should be applied judiciously. It’s particularly well-suited to domains where tracking the history of changes is as important as the current state, such as financial systems, collaborative applications, or any scenario where auditability and the ability to “time travel” through your data are key requirements.

When implemented correctly, often in conjunction with patterns like CQRS and within a Domain-Driven Design approach, Event Sourcing can provide a robust foundation for building complex, scalable, and maintainable systems. As with any architectural decision, it’s crucial to carefully consider your specific requirements and constraints before adopting Event Sourcing.

As we move towards more distributed and event-driven architectures, I believe we’ll see Event Sourcing becoming increasingly relevant. Its ability to cleanly separate concerns, provide a clear audit trail, and enable powerful event-driven processing aligns well with modern software architecture trends.

In conclusion, while Event Sourcing isn’t suitable for every application, understanding its principles and knowing when to apply it can significantly enhance your architectural toolbox. As software systems continue to grow in complexity and scale, patterns like Event Sourcing will play a crucial role in managing that complexity and delivering robust, flexible solutions.

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Introduction to CQRS Pattern

CQRS is one of the many cool things that I’ve acquired as a software architect during the decades of solving challenging problems in the design of complex systems. One such pattern that has had a lot of hearing in the last few years is the Command Query Responsibility Segregation (CQRS) pattern. In this blog, I will also unravel my insights and experiences with CQRS, capturing its fundamental guidance, value, and real-world usage on it.

CQRS is an architectural principle that divides the command part (which covers changes in data) and the query part (which returns the data) into two separate but related entities. Thus, this split-up leads to the possibility of separately tuning both sides, which in turn can bring about a better performance and scalability as well as maintainability of a software system. The CQRS concept was formed by Greg Young on the background of the Command-Query Separation (CQS) principle described by Bertrand Meyer. CQS is only at the level of methods, while CQRS adapts this principle to the entire subsystem or a service.

CQRS Architecture

The CQRS concept is comprised of the write principles and the read principles of applications which are being handled as two individual models. Traditionally, it was common to have a single model that did both reading and writing of data in a database. But in CQRS, the two models are different.

Command Model (Write Model): This model is the primary one that carries out all operations that modify the state of the system.

Query Model (Read Model): This model is mainly in charge of all the activities that get information from the system.

These models, usually, are separate components or services, each has its own data store that is specifically appropriate for its intended purpose. The command side is used for business transactions recording, hence it handles capturing and processing of business transactions, whereas the query side is with the utmost potential to quickly and efficiently retrieve data.

Most of the time, a typical CQRS architecture consists of the following components:

• Command Handler: This component takes care of the incoming commands, processes them and execute them to the write model.
• Event Store: It is used to store the events received from the command model.
• Event Publisher: It is in charge of notifying every module in a system about a change by publishing events to it.
• Projections: The process where the events are transformed into denormalized views that are tailored to specific query scenarios is called projection.
• Query Handler: It processes the incoming queries and gets the needed data from the read model.

Core Concepts and Principles

To get the full grasp of CQRS, it is first and foremost to get familiar with its core concepts and principles.

Separation of Concerns:

CQRS ensures a clear separation between the responsibilities of the command and query, therefore, each responsibility can be optimized individually.

Command-Side Processing:

Commands are such abstractions that indicate the intentions to change the system’s state. Command handlers are the only way in which they will be processed, that means that the commands are validated, business rules are applied and the generated events are also notified in every case.

Event-Driven Architecture:

As a matter of fact, the events are used to communicate changes in the state of the system. They are the focal point of the system’s source of truth and can be used either to reassemble the current situation or to build up views with strictly read-oriented purposes.

Eventual Consistency:

The read and write models will not be in sync immediately at all times, thus, CQRS sticks to the idea of eventual consistency. In truth, the read model gets updated from the write model, over time.

Task-Based UI:

CQRS is often suitable for task-based user interfaces in which the user actions are directly translated into commands in the system.

Read Model Projections:

The read model often is constructed after the events from the write model are going through an action that produces necessary outputs in those views for specific circumstances.

Scenarios Where CQRS is Most Effective:

CQRS has left a profound impact, and it has been especially favorable in the following conditions. These are the areas where CQRS has success in its applications.

Complex Domains:

CQRS, in this case, is a great solution for the complexity in the domain. With convoluted rules and application logic it is able to maintain better separation of concerns and the boundaries of its logic.

High-Performance Systems:

CQRS (Command Query Responsibility Segregation) allows the creation of models that are dedicated solely to reading data. This separation ensures that data retrieval is optimized and the system is able to process queries more efficiently, resulting in better performance when accessing or analyzing data.

Scalability Requirements:

CQRS is useful when different components of a system need to scale separately. It allows for the independent scaling of the command (write) side and the query (read) side, meaning each part can be adjusted based on its specific demands. This enables more efficient resource management and system performance.

Event Sourcing:

CQRS is highly compatible in this approach as it integrates the real-time capturing of changes with the storage of application state. Both are represented as a series of events, making them work seamlessly together.

Collaborative Applications:

CQRS can be utilized in the case where many users interact with a similar data at the same time. It can manage conflicts and provide users with the history of all changes.

Reporting and Analytics:

In the case of complex reporting or analytics that need to be done alongside transactional processing, CQRS is good enough to allow the creation of the appropriate read models for those purposes.

Key Characteristics and Common Use Cases:

CQRS is unique in several ways, this is why it can’t be mistaken for any other architectural patterns. These are some of the key characteristics that set it apart from other architectural patterns.

Separate Models:

The different function of the command and query models is what most sharply contrasts CQRS from similar models.

Optimized Data Stores:

Two models, each having a data store optimized to their own needs provide the best solution for certain unique problems.

Asynchronous Processing:

Commands and events are processed asynchronously, thus the system reacts faster to the user’s actions.

Scalability:

The existing setup may then independently be developed or upgraded to handle this requirement.

Flexibility:

The possibility to separate the evolution of the read and write models is certainly among the most remarkable advantages of CQRS.

Task-Based UI:

Financial Systems: The most premise of it is a system primarily used in the financial area where the necessity of accurate transactions processing and highly comprehensive audit trails is given.

e-Commerce Platforms:

CQRS is particularly useful in creating dedicated read models that are optimized for the specific query patterns of any platform. Like it can allow efficient data retrieval and processing to improve system performance in the case when customer information storage and order processing are to be handled smoothly in an e-commerce platform.

Content Management Systems:

Here, the way, in which the reading and writing operations happen, is quite distinct for both. Thus, the CQRS pattern can be employed to allow content creation and consumption which have another form than usual.

Inventory Management:

CQRS helps in handling high-demand periods, like sales, where frequent updates and queries are needed simultaneously. The command side is optimized for adding or removing items, while the query side is optimized for retrieving inventory levels and product details. CQRS ensures accurate stock levels, faster data retrieval, and scalability.

Stock Management:

CQRS can have separated read and write operations allowing the system to instantly reflect stock changes without the need for constant report generation. The read model can be optimized to fetch updated inventory data in real-time, improving efficiency and reducing unnecessary repetitive requests.

Implementation in .NET

An example to show how CQRS could be implemented in .NET in a real situation. So, let’s imagine a relatively humble e-commerce application. We can just limit ourselves to the product catalog and come up with a command for creating a product and a query for retrieving the product details.

Initially, this code should be our command and query models:

// Command Modelpublic class CreateProductCommand {

public string Name { get; set; }

public decimal Price { get; set; }

public int StockQuantity { get; set; }

}

// Query Model

public class ProductDetailsQuery {

public Guid ProductId { get; set; }

}

public class ProductDetailsDto

{

public Guid Id { get; set; }

public string Name { get; set; }

public decimal Price { get; set; }

public int StockQuantity { get; set; }

}

//Then, the command handler should be our next step:

public class CreateProductCommandHandler : ICommandHandler {

private readonly IProductRepository repository;

private readonly IEventPublisher eventPublisher;

public CreateProductCommandHandler(IProductRepository repository, IEventPublisher eventPublisher)

{

repository = repository;

eventPublisher = eventPublisher;

}

public async Task HandleAsync(CreateProductCommand command)

{

var product = new Product(Guid.NewGuid(), command.Name, command.Price, command.StockQuantity);

await repository.SaveAsync(product);

var productCreatedEvent = new ProductCreatedEvent(product.Id, product.Name, product.Price, product.StockQuantity);

await eventPublisher.PublishAsync(productCreatedEvent);

}

}

//Afterward, at last, we should implement the query handler:

public class ProductDetailsQueryHandler : IQueryHandler<ProductDetailsQuery, ProductDetailsDto>

{

private readonly IProductReadRepository readRepository;

public ProductDetailsQueryHandler(IProductReadRepository readRepository)

{

readRepository = readRepository;

}

public async Task HandleAsync(ProductDetailsQuery query)

{

var product = await readRepository.GetByIdAsync(query.ProductId);

return new ProductDetailsDto { Id = product.Id, Name = product.Name, Price = product.Price, StockQuantity = product.StockQuantity };

}

}

//Lastly, we need to utilize the above handlers in our application:

public class ProductService

{

private readonly ICommandHandler createProductHandler;

private readonly IQueryHandler<ProductDetailsQuery, ProductDetailsDto> productDetailsHandler;

public ProductService( ICommandHandler createProductHandler, IQueryHandler<ProductDetailsQuery, ProductDetailsDto> productDetailsHandler)

{

createProductHandler = createProductHandler;

productDetailsHandler = productDetailsHandler;

}

public async Task CreateProductAsync(string name, decimal price, int stockQuantity)

{

var command = new CreateProductCommand {

Name = name, Price = price, StockQuantity = stockQuantity };

await createProductHandler.HandleAsync(command);

}

public async Task GetProductDetailsAsync(Guid productId)

{

var query = new ProductDetailsQuery { ProductId = productId };

return await _productDetailsHandler.HandleAsync(query);

}

}

These are the most basic terms used in developing CQRS apps in a .NET framework. Nevertheless, one more ideal order of work is to come up with the logic for dealing with events and set up the proper data stores aside from using a message bus for the command and event distribution as well.

Advantages and Limitations of CQRS

Advantages

• Scalability: The independence given to the write and read operations can positively reflect on the performance of the system.
• Flexibility: CQRS permits the development of the read and write models on their own, thus making it less difficult for the team to adapt it to changing requirements.
• Optimized Data Storage: Each model can use a data store that’s optimized for its specific needs.
• Improved Security: To implement some advanced security rules can be done thanks to the segregation of models debuted by the system.
• Good Domain Modelling: CQRS can be used to manage complexity in domains with complicated rules and business logic.

Weaknesses

• Increased Complexity: The use of CQRS with its models disconnected from each other and the introduced even-based communication can be the reason for the system getting more complex.
• Eventual Consistency: The problem of synchronization can be tricky in some scenes when the detection of the change of the state is delayed during the orderly performance over some time. This is a tricky problem that can be really difficult to handle.
• Learning Curve: The first time that a team is required to use CQRS one of the ambiguous signs is what results will be at the beginning. They are a major problem for the first period of engagement.
• Overhead: When the systems are simple, meaning a true CRUD-based system, CQRS just adds more unnecessary complexity

Overview of Related Architectural Patterns

CQRS usually remains ancillary to some other architectural patterns. Below are some related patterns that are in good conjunction with CQRS.

• Event Sourcing: This model of keeping the state persistently as a row of events is quite steadfast. It is closely associated with CQRS, wherein the events serve as the main communication method between the command and the read sides.
• Domain-Driven Design (DDD): CQRS is in harmony with the principles of DDD due to the separation of the data access layer from the business logic.
• Microservices: CQRS is implemented within a microservices environment, which allows separate services to handle commands and queries.
• Saga Pattern: This design pattern ensures the execution of complex, distributed transactions across multiple services in a CQRS-based system.
• Materialized View Pattern: This pattern is often used in CQRS to create and maintain the read models.

Comparative Analysis

In the following section, let’s compare CQRS with some other architectural patterns:

CQRS vs. Three-Tier Architecture:

Three-Tier: This well-rounded and direct structure in which the system is divided into three layers: the UI, the application, and the database is being more appropriate for simple tasks like CRUD and the application models can be automatically generated in no time.

CQRS: On the other hand, it is pretty hard-core with the model separation and event-based communication that it requires. CQRS is typically adopted in systems where the demands for read and write operations vary significantly

CQRS vs. Event Sourcing:

Event Sourcing: This goal is reached by storing each change in the event store and subscribe to happening actions. It is called notifying other parts of the system about the changes that have occurred by publishing events to them.

CQRS: CQRS does not require the slow and inefficient process of dealing with both reads and writes through the same data entry, thus, instead use alternative ways of addressing such situations.

CQRS vs. CRUD:

• CRUD: This model allows developers to create, read, update and delete data in a relatively simple way, yet less powerful in its input flexibility.
• CQRS: is a more sophisticated but tooled approach to their system which creates a more read-away beneath the write-minor scenario.

Conclusion

CQRS will be the cornerstone of software development objectives in the future. In the new era of software development, as per my standpoint as a software engineer and senior IT specialist Its capacity to separate functions and optimize for various operational requirements is a powerful tool in the architect’s toolkit.

But then again, CQRS is not to be regarded as a silver-bullet-pattern that might solve every problem. Considering any projected architecture all through its life-run, it should only be used as far as the present requirements of the customers are not sufficed with.

I would recommend knowledge and practical application of CQRS to the fallacy of being a panacea. As the software systems continue to expand in size and complexity, more and more the patterns that help manage this complexity will become the centers of attention. To deal with this challenge one needs to take a lot of well-thought-out trade-offs. Though, CQRS has a heavyweight class on features, it also has counterbalances to consider. Knowing well the choices, the best judgment may probably come.

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Introduction

The distributed system is a critical problem where the various nodes must ensure the data integrity. As a software engineer specialized in the design and implementation of distributed systems, one can come across so many cases that impose the need for a near-perfect solution to transaction subsystems issues. One of the most commonly used protocols to handle this issue is the Two-Phase Commit (2PC) protocol.

In this blog I will talk about various topics, including the Two-Phase Commit protocol, which I believe are the best based on my experience and the most recent industrial practices. We will also go through its architecture, basic concepts, and main principles. So that you get a good grasp to implement 2PC in your distributed systems.

Understanding the Two-Phase Commit Architecture

The Two-Phase Commit protocol is a distributed algorithm which is designed to synchronize the processes collaborating in a distributed atomic transaction. Its primary function is to guarantee that either all nodes of a distributed system commit a transaction or all nodes abort it.

The 2PC architecture is mainly composed of two components:

• Coordinator – A central node that runs the commit protocol and manages all the parallel processes.
• Participants – The distributed nodes where the transaction is being performed and that all must agree on its result.

The name of the protocol indicates that this is achieved in two parts:

• Prepare Phase – The coordinator poses the question to all participants whether they are ready to commit the transaction.
• Commit Phase – Depending on the status of the responses in the prepare phase, the coordinator makes the decision either to commit or abort the transaction and informs all participants of the decision.

Core Concepts and Key Principles of 2PC

To get a comprehensive understanding of this protocol, one needs to learn these important terms.

• Atomicity: The 2PC protocol is meant to get a transaction to be treated as a lone indivisible unit. Either all risks in a transaction are executed correctly or none of them are executed.
• Consistency: 2PC is the master of the distributed system consistency by making sure that all that nodes will agree on the final state of the transaction.
• Durability: Once a transaction is committed, the changes are permanent, and they prevail over system crashes.
• Isolation: The protocol prevents concurrent transactions from interfering with each other.
• Fault Tolerance: The protocol comprises strategies to override different failure scenarios, like node crashes or network partitions.

Ordinary Cases of Two-Phase Commit Usage

From time to time, I have had a situation where the usage of 2-Phase Commit has been invaluable to me. A few of the most COMMON uses are:

1. Distributed databases –

In this particular system of distributed databases, 2PC is applied to the execution of a transaction that includes different databases. For example, an application for banking purposes which implies inter-server money transfer, calls the use of 2PC in the verification of such posting movements as the logging and debiting of accounts. 2PC provides a guarantee to do this or to undo it.

2. Microservices Architecture – Concerning microservices-based architecture, where each service has its own data store, 2PC can be used for a transaction that requires the involvement of multiple services that are located on different nodes. This is a main impact whereby there exists data uniformity throughout the whole system.

3. Cloud-based Systems – In the cloud, where various resources are distributed over multiple data centers, the 2PC ensures data consistency while performing the operations that are affecting multiple cloud regions or zones.

4. E-commerce Platforms – Lots of web pages with their trading sections rely on 2PC to manage transactions. For example, web pages sell items and accept payments and use several e-commerce systems.

Key Characteristics of Two-Phase Commit

The Two-Phase Commit protocol possesses some striking characteristics that eventually distinguish it from other modes of communication.

Synchronous Communication : The system bases itself upon the interaction between the coordinator and the participants only, provided that the former orchestrates communication (means); however, this setup could cause performance issues if the network is very sluggish.

Blocking Protoco l: Following a commitment decision, coordinators may more easily remain, thereby engaging resources in a blocking manner for a long time.

Strong Consistency : When it comes to the aspect of recovery at the expense of availability, 2PC is a perfect consistency of data.

Coordinator-Dependent : This algorithm’s prosperity is primarily based on the existence of a solitary coordinator correctly determining availability and performing the operation.

Deterministic Outcome : The 2PC has a property in which all sites gain the same agreement deciding the result of the transaction [2].

Implementing Two-Phase Commit in .NET

A Step-by-Step Guide

As a result of having been a .NET developer, I got an opportunity to apply a Two-Phase Commit protocol in my various projects. The protocol involves the following steps to enable you to implement 2PC in your .NET applications.

Step 1: Define the Transaction Coordinator

The first thing you need to do is write a class to define the transaction coordinator:

public class TransactionCoordinator

{

    private List participants = new List();

    public void AddParticipant(IParticipant participant)

    {

        participants.Add(participant);

    }

    public bool ExecuteTransaction()

    {

        // Implement the two phases here

        return PreparePhase() && CommitPhase();

    }

    private bool PreparePhase()

    // Implement prepare phase logic

    }

    private bool CommitPhase() 

    // Implement commit phase logic

    }

}

Step 2: Define the Participant Interface

Next, create an interface that all remain participants can implement:

public interface IParticipant
{

    bool Prepare();

    void Commit();

    void Rollback();

}

Step 3: Implement the Prepare Phase

Through the PreparePhase method of the TransactionCoordinator class, you can do it;

private bool PreparePhase()

{

    foreach (var participant in participants)

    {

        if (!participant.Prepare())

        {

            // If any participant is not ready, abort the transaction

            foreach (var p in participants)

            {

                p.Rollback();

            }

            return false;

        }

    }

    return true;

}

Step 4: Implement the Commit Phase

This is quite easy. On the CommitPhase method of the TransactionCoordinator class, you can put;

private bool CommitPhase()

{

    foreach (var participant in participants)

    {

        participant.Commit();

    }

    return true;

}

Step 5: Create Participant Implementations

Lately, you can choose to deploy the IParticipant interface that each site must have in your distributed system, thus giving a guarantee for the transaction to the whole protocol.

public class DatabaseParticipant : IParticipant

{

    public bool Prepare()

    {

        // Implement prepare logic for database operations

    }

    public void Commit()

    {

        // Implement commit logic for database operations

    }

    public void Rollback()

    {

        // Implement rollback logic for database operations

    }

}

Step 6: Use the Two-Phase Commit in Your Application

Finally, it is very simple to run 2PC in your code:

var coordinator = new TransactionCoordinator();

coordinator.AddParticipant(new DatabaseParticipant());

coordinator.AddParticipant(new PaymentServiceParticipant());

bool transactionResult = coordinator.ExecuteTransaction();

Advantages and Weaknesses of the Two-Phase Commit Protocol

As a result of my practice dealing with 2PC, I can mention several rise and downgrade aspects of the protocol.

Advantages –

• Strong Consistency : Every participant of the 2PC protocol will altogether reach a consensus about the transaction outcome, thus the data integrity is safe and sound.
• Atomicity : The protocol guarantees that the execution of transactions is an all-or-nothing operation thus forbidding the possibility of our other updates.
• Simplicity : Instead of more participatory and more complicated consensus protocols with a high level of executives to implement, 2PC is a very mean and easy-to-use solution.
• Widely Supported : Most of the DBs and distributed transaction managers inherently provide 2PC capability.

Weaknesses –

• Performance Overhead: The 2PC method works in synchronous mode where the communication between nodes happens one after another. It can lead to high development times as the communication gets encumbered and in the case of poor networks, particularly at the peripheries of the internet.
• Blocking: Participants are susceptible to blocking if the coordinator makes a decision and the pi participant can’t communicate with the participants, leading to system outages.
• Single Point of Failure: The coordinator is an actor in the system that can cause a failure in the mechanism.
• Limited Scalability: As the number of participants rises, so does the number of transactions, and 2PC’s performance becomes less and less efficient.
• Vulnerability to Network Partitions: In case of the appearance of network partitions, 2PC may be the reason for an endless blocking of resources.

Comparison with Other Similar Architectures

In 2PC evaluation, it is a must to juxtapose 2PC with a few other distributed consensus protocols as there may be some differences in this line.In 2PC evaluation, it is a must to juxtapose 2PC with a few other distributed consensus protocols as there may be some differences in this line.

Three-Phase Commit (3PC)

3PC has one more stage added between the preparation and the actual commit of 2PC, which, however, makes it possible to escape some of the troubles that 2PC faces. In this setup, the Pre-Commit phase is made, during which the system gets prepared for the Commit stage.

Strengths:

It is less blocking as compared to 2PC

Successfully withstands coordinator faults

Limitations

It is more complex than 2PC and it is also more computationally expensive

The partitioning of the network may impose indefinite blocking

Paxos

It is more complex than 2PC and it is also more computationally expensive

The partitioning of the network may impose indefinite blocking

Strengths:

The heavy fault-tolerance of the method speaks for itself by the strength of the system under the minority failures. It is essential to note that it can reach a consensus even with the minority of failures.

Limitations:

The heavy fault-tolerance of the method speaks for itself by the strength of the system under the minority failures. It is essential to note that it can reach a consensus even with the minority of failures.

Raft

Raft is a consensus algorithm that was aimed at the user as a rafting guide to be more understood, yet providing the same functionality as Paxos.

Strengths:

This is the fact that it is clearer and less demanding than Paxos

Raft maintains the strong consistency and fault tolerance.

Limitations: 

There is a slight chance of a performance decline in situations where Paxos is well optimized,

It is less renowned than Paxos in high production of battle-tested environments.

The Future of Two-Phase Commit in Modern Distributed Systems

Looking to the future of the distributed systems the role of Two-Phase Commit yet still exists, however it is changed. While an essentially secure Two-Phase Commit remains the protocol of choice in misconvergence, the need for its implementation in a way that solves new scaling and performance issues have motivated the development of suitable alternatives. In my practice, I have detected the tendency of the application of models of flexible consistency like CRDT and partially relaxed  scenarios  of eventual consistency, especially in large-scale, globally distributed applications. Therefore, these emerging paradigms might be the cornerstone of the future distributed systems, as the aforementioned character limits us from going into details. These models can considerably improve performance and availability but offer looser consistency guarantees. Nevertheless, the era would still see 2PC and its variants maintaining their status as one of the key elements in the stock of technical solutions shortly. The improvement prospect of 2PC is mainly directed at the reduction of its blocking nature and the enhancement of its resilience to network partitions. In the same manner, that smart cars will not entirely replace the standard vehicles, two-phase commit will not wholly vanish, but on the contrary, it will prove a robust means to address the fluctuating needs of modern apps. In addition to 2PC that offers elevated level consistency, other emerging techniques provide more balanced solutions f; or different use-cases and further set of operational boundaries.

Conclusion

As the diversity of distributed systems increases and their nature becomes more intricate choosing the proper type of consistency model, and selecting the right approach for each particular application type is essential. The Two-Phase Commit stays the inventor of all the tag wantings to good customer`s service alongside other methods to obtain a similar possibility of driving automatic cars. There are also new technologies, such as CRDT and eventual consistency, which seem to be a cure for the aching headache of the entire breed of unceasingly growing applications.

It is undeniable that the principles underlying 2PC are a cornerstone in both the future consensus protocols and distributed transaction management systems.  Many of the issues surrounding 2PC such as its performance will still be-the case or at least the guiding light for the development of future consensus protocols and DTM systems.

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